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Development Of Human Behavior  Social cognitive theoriesOur behavior can either be conditioned or cognitive.
Conditioned behaviors are developed at the early stages of our life.
As we mature, our behavior tends to be more cognitive when interacting
with others. Conditioned BehaviorAccording to the social cognitive psychologists, our behavior is
learned from our past experiences in our environment that are stored
at the sub-conscious level of our mind. Our past experiences in the
environment can be both sweet and bitter. Sweet experiences give us
pleasure while the bitter ones give us pain. The major portion of our
behavior is learned. We learned from a significant other gives us the
pains and the pleasures in the process of growing up in our journey
through life. That significant other could be anyone, i.e. our parents,
relatives, teachers, strangers, pastors, friends, bosses, colleagues,
customers and subordinates. According to the pain and pleasure theory, pains develop our lesser self
while pleasures develop our goodself.
Skinner calls this behavior 'operant conditioning'. It is used to train animals. Cognitive BehaviorHuman beings differ from animals because we have an
intellect. When we think before we conduct our behavior
we have a choice.
For example, when someone (A) opens his lesser self, i.e. providing a painful stimulus to B. B then creates a gap. This gap helps B to
B now has a choice either to open his lesser self and responds with a painful stimulus or opens his good self and responds with a pleasurable stimulus to A. B’s response is dependent on A’s position in relation to him and the situation. Should A be in a superior position B may respond by giving a pleasurable stimulus to A as it will be to his benefit to do so. Alternatively, should A be in an inferior or peer situation, B may respond by giving a painful stimulus if he feels that that situation is going to adversely affect him. However, if the situation is to be in his favor he may choose to provide a pleasurable stimulus. Rational Vs Irrational BehaviorAccording to the Psychodynamic psychologists, rational
behavior operates at the conscious level of the mind.
It uses reason and logic to anticipate and predict the
consequence of a situation before responding to a stimulus.
It offers a choice to the person to give pain or pleasure
to the other party. Psychodynamic Processes Of Behavioral DevelopmentGod gives us a tape-recorder cum computer brain. The tape records our experiences both painful and pleasurable and stores them in our memory. Our memory has two levels of storage system, the surface level, known as our pre-consciousness and the depth, our unconsciousness. The environmental forces around us provide infinite images to attract us inviting us to respond. These images energize our motivation to act towards our ambitions, values, beliefs, principles and objectives that represent our life goals.Our brain has a mechanism linking to our five senses to respond to our life goals. The process of responding and converting these life goals into information is our conscious awareness also known as our consciousness. The degree of attractiveness of a life goal depends on the need of an individual to accomplish it. The greater the need, the greater the want and desire to get it. It represents our motive behind our actions. It explains why an individual is highly motivated and is willing to spend more time and effort (energy) to accomplish it. The whole process of pursuing a goal is an experience. Success and failure in achieving it is converted into information and store at the two levels of our unconsciousness. Goal accomplishment gives an individual joys, satisfaction and fulfillment. It reinforces the motive and the motivation to pursue the same or other goals. Failing to accomplish a goal causes stress, anger, depression and anxieties to an individual generating negative energy destructive to survival. The whole process of a painful experience is stored at the unconsciousness. The greater the pain the deeper it depresses into the unconsciousness. Psychopathic/abnormal behavior is the product of a great pain that damages the rational component of our brain mechanisms. It is caused by the negative psychic energy of the inner states directed as a result of failure and short circuit its logical mechanism. From the psychodynamic point of view, our behavior is developed from our past experiences both pleasurable and painful stored in our unconsciousness. We learned the traits from a significant other. The significant other is anyone who gives us pleasurable and painful experiences in the process of growing up. Pleasurable experiences from a significant other develop our goodself. For example, if our parents show us love and tender care, we learn to love and care for others. If our boss appreciates and values our good work, we become more hardworking and committed to doing a good job. Pleasurable experiences develop our goodself while painful experiences develop our lesser self. Humanistic Psychologists View Of Behavioral DevelopmentHumanistic psychologists believe in the worth of a person
and dedicate to the development of human potentials. They
posits that society plays an important role in developing
human beings. Human being has needs that need to be
satisfied before they can self-actualize. The satisfaction
of these needs develop the goodself while deprivation of
them leads to the development of the lesser self. Thus the
psychological health of an individual depends on a
conducive environment for survival and growth.
A toxic environment damages the psychological health of
the person developing irrational behavior. |
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